Edward of Woodstock (1330 –1376), called the Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, and the father of King Richard II of England. He was the first Duke of Cornwall, the Prince of Wales and the Prince of Aquitaine.
He was called "Edward of Woodstock" in his early life, after his birthplace, and since the 16th century has been popularly known as the Black Prince. He was an exceptional military leader, and his victories over the French at the Battles of Crécy and Poitiers made him very popular during his lifetime. In 1348 he became the first Knight of the Garter, of whose order he was one of the founders.
Edward died one year before his father, becoming the first English Prince of Wales not to become King of England. The throne passed instead to his son Richard II, a minor, upon the death of Edward III.
The "Black Prince": The origins of the name are uncertain, that it is derived from Edward's black shield, and/or his black armour or that it is derived from Edward's brutal reputation, particularly towards the French in Aquitaine.
However, there is no sound evidence that Edward ever wore black armour,
"en armure noire en fer bruni" – in black armour of burnished steel".
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